Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40227093›Full record

ArticleHepatology communications2025

A nationwide study of primary biliary cholangitis prevalence, geographic distribution, and health care providers.

Cynthia Levy, Keri-Ann Buchanan-Peart, Joanna P MacEwan, Alina Levine, Radhika Nair, Darren Wheeler, Leona Bessonova, Aparna Goel, Robert G Gish, Alan Bonder

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Hepatology communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
  3. Current Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Comprehensive Review.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
    Review
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Bile acids as therapeutic agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Cynthia LevySchiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5498-6037
Keri-Ann Buchanan-PeartDepartment of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Joanna P MacEwanGenesis Research Group, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2702-1170
Alina LevineGenesis Research Group, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA.
Radhika NairIntercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey, USA.
Darren WheelerIntercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey, USA.
Leona BessonovaIntercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey, USA.
Aparna GoelDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9588-9364
Robert G GishRobert G. Gish Consultants, LLC, San Diego, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6306-3189
Alan BonderDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6821-0416

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevalence estimates of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in the United States have evolved with the introduction of newer real-world data capture approaches. Little is known about the geographic distribution of PBC in the United States and the health care provider (HCP) landscape for patients with PBC. This real-world study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PBC in the United States, assess regional variability in its prevalence, and describe HCPs for patients with PBC.

methodsPatients with PBC were identified using Komodo's Healthcare Map, a large national administrative claims database. PBC prevalence per 100,000 adults was adjusted by age and gender at the 3-digit ZIP Code tabulation area level. Patients' PBC-related medical or pharmacy claims were used to determine HCP specialties and affiliations (academic vs. nonacademic); the latest claim and all claims were examined.

resultsThe adjusted 2021 PBC prevalence was 40.9 per 100,000 adults. The highest absolute number of patients with PBC in the United States was in heavily populated urban areas, but prevalence adjusted for population size was highest in some rural areas. Among all claims, most (83.2%) patients received care from a specialist (gastroenterologist/hepatologist) at one time. However, only approximately half (53.5%) of patients with PBC, irrespective of therapy use, were most recently treated for PBC by a specialist.

conclusionsThis is the most comprehensive and contemporary estimation of PBC prevalence in the United States to date. The pockets of high prevalence of PBC located in some rural areas highlight the need to better evaluate PBC risk factors and potential barriers in access to specialist care once patients are diagnosed. Greater awareness of PBC and its management are needed.

Indexed as

Health PersonnelLiver Cirrhosis, BiliaryAdultAgedDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRural PopulationUnited StatesYoung Adultepidemiologyliver diseasePBCregional variabilityspecialist

Identifiers

PMID40227093
PMCPMC11999412

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.