ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2025
Pilot Study of Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles: Safety in Refractory Canine Oral Tumors.
Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy: bridging human and veterinary medicine through one health.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Nanoparticulate Immunoactive Complex for Local Chemoimmunotherapy: From Murine Models to Pilot Canine Study.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Plant-Produced Viral Nanoparticles Decorated with Nanobodies Against HER2 Improve Retention and Recruitment of Immune Cells in Solid Tumors.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Oral tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma) represent 6-7% of all canine cancers. Given that these tumors have a high local recurrence rate and metastatic potential, conventional therapies have suboptimal response rates, leading to poor patient outcomes. Here, we report the use of intratumoral virus-like particles from cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in four canine patients with recurrent oral malignant tumors and lymph node metastasis. All tumors were nonresponders to chemotherapy and had a mild initial response to CPMV intratumoral immunotherapy without any serious immune-related adverse effects. None of the patients developed pulmonary metastasis during follow-up, although local progression was seen in all the patients. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrated immune T cells increased in number after the intratumoral immunotherapy with CPMV, suggesting activation of the tumor microenvironment. All the patients had a rapid decrease in the tumor-promoting chemokines IL-8 and CXCL1, which could indicate that a decrease in metastatic potential could have been generated by the CPMV immunotherapy. The increased number of infiltrated immune cells, the decrease in some pro-tumoral chemokines, and the absence of adverse effects suggest that CPMV could be a safe treatment and should be further explored as a novel therapy for canine oral tumors.
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