Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40226369›Full record

ArticleClinical kidney journal2025

Prognosis of non-albuminuric patients with the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.

Xiao Bi, Yue Shen, Yuqi Shen, Aiwen Shen, Shiyu Zhou, Wenji Wang, Xuezhu Li, Sheng Nie, Feng Ding

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xiao BiDepartment of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-3404
Yue ShenDepartment of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yuqi ShenDepartment of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Aiwen ShenDepartment of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Shiyu ZhouNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Wenji WangDepartment of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xuezhu LiDepartment of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Sheng NieNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-7909
Feng DingDepartment of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome affects a significant portion of the general population. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is an important indicator of kidney injury. While some studies have indicated associations between UACR within the normal range and mortality outcomes, it remains uncertain whether traditionally normal UACR could help to distinguish the prognosis of CKM patients. Methods: This cohort study included patients with CKM syndrome at stages 2 and 3 and traditionally normal UACR from the China Renal Data System (CRDS) and UK Biobank (UKB) databases. UACR was treated as a continuous variable and categorized into low-normal and high-normal. The associations were initially assessed in the CRDS database and subsequently validated in the UKB database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to estimate the associations with UACR. Additionally, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to enhance the robustness of the results. Results: The study encompassed a total of 14 602 patients from the CRDS database and 82 694 patients from the UKB database. Near-linear associations were identified between continuous UACR levels and progression to CKM stage 4, as well as all-cause mortality. When compared with the low-normal UACR group, individuals with high-normal UACR exhibited an elevated risk of progression to CKM stage 4 (HR 1.133, 95% CI 1.026-1.250) and increased all-cause mortality (HR 2.321, 95% CI 1.679-3.208) within the CRDS database. These associations were further corroborated in the UKB database. Consistent findings were also observed through subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: The findings indicate that elevated UACR levels within the normal range are significantly associated with poor prognosis among CKM patients at stages 2 and 3. These results underscore the critical role of UACR in identifying high-risk populations, particularly among individuals with metabolic disorders. This information may prove valuable for monitoring and implementing risk intervention strategies for CKM patients.

Indexed as

all-cause mortalitycardiovascular diseasemetabolic dysfunctionurinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Identifiers

PMID40226369
PMCPMC11986809

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.