Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40224605›Full record

SynthesisDepression and anxiety2023

Prevalence of Postpartum Depression Based on Diagnostic Interviews: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Yanping Bai, Qiao Li, Kar Keung Cheng, Eric D Caine, Yongsheng Tong, Xia Wu, Wenjie Gong

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Depression and anxiety, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. LGBTQ+ Couples' Sexual Health Experiences During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Qualitative Survey Study.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2026
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  19. Home visiting for postpartum depression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yanping BaiHER Team and Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China.ORCID 0009-0007-4228-1620
Qiao LiHER Team and Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China.
Kar Keung ChengInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK.
Eric D CaineDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
Yongsheng TongBeijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center, Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, Beijing 100096, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1544-040X
Xia WuHER Team and Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China.
Wenjie GongHER Team and Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7943-4041

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is common after childbirth. Previous reviews on the prevalence of PPD have mainly included results that relied on screening instruments or a mixture of such instruments and diagnostic interviews. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of PPD based exclusively on studies using diagnostic interviews, as they provide the most reliable and valid approach for defining "caseness." Methods: Using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, and CBM up to September 18, 2022, we searched for original articles reporting data that could be used to calculate the prevalence of PPD based on diagnostic interviews. A random-effect meta-analysis model was then used to estimate the pooled prevalence. In addition, we assessed quality, heterogeneity, and publication bias across studies. Also, we did subgroup analyses to explore the pooled prevalence at different time points and settings. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021244539. Results: Of 17,115 articles retrieved, 54 studies were included (total sample size = 15,586 women). The pooled prevalence of all depression and major depression within one year postpartum was 12.1% (95% CI 10.3%-14.1%; Conclusions: Approximately one in eight postpartum women experiences a depressive condition, with one in fifteen suffering major depression. The pooled prevalence based on diagnostic interviews was lower than the existing consensus, which was largely based on self-reported screening instruments. The higher prevalence in LMICs underlines the importance of strengthening research and service provision among these populations.

Indexed as

Depression, PostpartumInterview, PsychologicalFemaleHumansMajor Depressive DisorderPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID40224605
PMCPMC11921862

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.