Trial reportDepression and anxiety2023
Long-Term Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of an Internet-Based Self-Help Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder in University Students: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Depression and anxiety, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Persuasive Design in a Digital Mindfulness Intervention: A Randomized Trial of a Skill-Based Achievement System and Automated Peer Encouragement.Journal of healthcare informatics research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is widespread among university students and is associated with high costs for the society. While unguided internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) may have short-term effects in reducing SAD symptoms, evidence for their long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness is still limited. The aim of this study is to examine the 6-month outcomes of an IMI for university students with SAD. Participants were recruited via mass mails sent to enrolled students and included if they were at least 18 years old, met the diagnostic criteria of SAD in a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), and provided written informed consent. In a prospective study designed as a two-armed randomized-controlled trial, 200 students (mean age 26.7 years) diagnosed with SAD were randomly assigned to an IMI or a waitlist control (WLC) condition. The IMI consisted of nine weekly sessions based on the cognitive-behavioral treatment model for social phobia by Clark and Wells. The primary outcome was SAD symptom severity assessed via the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). A health economic evaluation from a societal and healthcare perspective examined the costs related to the symptom-free status and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Statistically significant differences in SAD symptom severity previously found at posttreatment favoring the IMI were maintained at a 6-month follow-up [SIAS (Cohen's
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.