Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40224166›Full record

ArticleMacromolecules2025

Benchmarking the Elastic Modulus of Conjugated Polymers with Nanoindentation.

Sri Harish Kumar Paleti, Shuichi Haraguchi, Zhiqiang Cao, Mariavittoria Craighero, Joost Kimpel, Zijin Zeng, Przemyslaw Sowinski, Di Zhu, Judith Pons I Tarrés, Youngseok Kim and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Macromolecules, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Sri Harish Kumar PaletiDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.
Shuichi HaraguchiDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.
Zhiqiang CaoSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.
Mariavittoria CraigheroDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.
Joost KimpelDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-6132
Zijin ZengDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.
Przemyslaw SowinskiDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-2408
Di ZhuDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.
Judith Pons I TarrésDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.
Youngseok KimDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.
Qifan LiLaboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174Norrköping, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5371-7706
Junda HuangLaboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174Norrköping, Sweden.
Alexei KalaboukhovMicrotechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-6187
Besira MihiretieHot Disk AB, Sven Hultins gatan 9A, 41258 Göteborg , Sweden.
Simone FabianoLaboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174Norrköping, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-6514
Xiaodan GuSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-3673
Christian MüllerDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg , Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7859-7909

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The elastic modulus is a critical parameter for the design of conjugated polymers for wearable electronics and correlates with electrical and thermal transport. Yet, widely different values have been reported for the same material because of the influence of processing and measurement conditions, including the temperature, mode, direction, and time scale of deformation. Thus, results obtained via different methods are usually not considered to be comparable. Here, disparate techniques from nanoindentation to tensile testing of free-standing films or films on water, buckling analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, oscillatory shear rheometry, and atomic force microscopy are compared. Strikingly, elastic modulus values obtained for the same batch of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) differ by a factor of less than four, which suggests that an approximate comparison is possible. Considering the small amount of material that is typically available, nanoindentation in combination with creep analysis is identified as a reliable method for probing the elastic modulus of films with widely different elastic moduli ranging from less than 0.1 GPa in the case of a polythiophene with oligoether side chains to several GPa for polymers without side chains. Since films can display anisotropic elastic modulus values, it is proposed that nanoindentation is complemented with an in-plane technique such as tensile testing to ensure a full characterization using different modes of deformation.

Identifiers

PMID40224166
PMCPMC11984310

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.