Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40223217›Full record

ArticleJournal of medicinal chemistry2025

Bifunctional Inhibition of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Protease: Unexpected Active Site Inhibition Enhances Covalent Targeting of an Allosteric Site.

Mingliang Lin, Nishant Karadkhelkar, Yanjie Li, Lisa M Eubanks, William H Tepp, Sabine Pellett, Kim D Janda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Botulinum neurotoxin: from molecular pathogenesis to emerging countermeasures.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mingliang LinDepartment of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3325-4539
Nishant KaradkhelkarDepartment of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
Yanjie LiDepartment of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
Lisa M EubanksDepartment of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5288-6294
William H TeppDepartment of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
Sabine PellettDepartment of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
Kim D JandaDepartment of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6759-4227

Funding

Covalent Inhibition as a Method to Counteract Botulinum IntoxicationR01AI153298 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI JANDA, KIM · 2020 to 2023
$2.6M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153298
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the most toxic protein known to man and a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent. Among its serotypes, BoNT/A possesses the greatest potency and persistence, as such strategies to counteract it are highly coveted. Bifunctional molecules incorporating both metal chelation and a covalent warhead have shown great potential for blunting BoNT/A LC's toxicity/longevity. To further explore this idea, new warheads as well as zinc metal-chelating scaffolds were prepared and examined. The structure-activity relationship and kinetic analyses of these inhibitors challenged the standard protease assay leading to a new screening platform implemented and validated. Reconnaissance studies from this new screening platform delineated an unprecedented structural flexibility associated with BoNT/A's enzyme pocket, which can be induced by a small molecule for enhanced allosteric target inhibition of the protease. The culmination of these findings offers previously unrealized opportunities for neutralizing the BoNT/A protease and thus future

Indexed as

Botulinum Toxins, Type AProtease InhibitorsAllosteric SiteCatalytic DomainChelating AgentsHumansKineticsModels, MolecularStructure-Activity RelationshipZincBotulinum Toxins, Type AChelating AgentsProtease InhibitorsZinc

Identifiers

PMID40223217
PMCPMC12173206

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.