ArticleCommunications medicine2025
A multidimensional network of factors associated with long COVID in the French population.
Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evolution with age of the relationship between sex and post-COVID symptoms: a population-based cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Association between persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life in the post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of French adults.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Perceived Chronic Stress prior to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Predicts Ongoing Symptomatic COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Article
- Prevalence of post COVID-19 condition and associations with risk factors among U.S. adults: 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVarious factors associated with long COVID have been evidenced, but the heterogeneity of definitions and epidemiological investigations has often hidden risk pathways relevant for understanding and preventing this condition.
methodsThis nationwide random sampling survey conducted in France after the Omicron waves in autumn 2022 assessed eight sets of factors potentially associated with long COVID in a structured epidemiological investigation based on a conceptual model accounting for the relationships between these sets of factors. A representative sample of 1813 adults of whom 55% were infected with SARS-CoV-2 was assessed for infection dates and context, post-COVID symptoms and these factors. Four definitions of long COVID, including the World Health Organisation's, were used.
resultsFemale sex, household size (≥2), low financial security, negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on occupation and work conditions, number of comorbidities (≥2), presence of respiratory disease, mental and sensory disorders, number of SARS-CoV-2 infections (≥2) and initial symptoms (≥6), perceived high severity of COVID-19 are positively and consistently associated with long COVID. Age ≥ 75 years, retirement, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (≥2 doses) and good perceived information regarding long Covid are negatively associated with the condition.
conclusionsThe broad spectrum of factors confirmed here strongly suggests that long COVID should be regarded not only as a direct complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection but also as driven by a broader network of contextual, medical, psychological and social factors. These factors should be better considered in strategies aimed at limiting the long COVID burden in the general population.
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