Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40223021›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Stabilization mechanism and remediation effectiveness of Pb and cd in agricultural soil using nonmetallic minerals.

Fei Liao, Kaibin Fu, Wei Zhang, Han Song, Yunlong Kong, Zhongcheng Wang, Jun Tang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Fei LiaoKey Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China.
Kaibin FuKey Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China. fukaibin@126.com.
Wei ZhangKey Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China.
Han SongKey Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China.
Yunlong KongKey Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China.
Zhongcheng WangSWUST-Liwu Copper Industry Innovation Institute, Sichuan Liwu Copper Industry Co., Ltd., Ganzi, 626000, People's Republic of China.
Jun TangCollege of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC3207300Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2023YFG0357Wellcome Trust 220012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soil contaminated by Pb and Cd has aroused worldwide concern due to the environmental hazards they pose. The effects, mechanisms, and evaluation of Pb and Cd contaminated agricultural soil remediation by nonmetallic minerals are still poorly understood. In this study, solidification/stabilization experiments were used to screen nonmetallic mineral materials and optimize their dosages. Stabilization mechanisms of Pb and Cd by nonmetallic mineral materials were investigated by adsorption kinetics, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effectiveness of soil remediation was further confirmed through a pot experiment with pak choi (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis), an important non-heading leafy vegetable. Results demonstrated that the SL composite (composed of 2.5% sepiolite and 1.5% limestone, with a total dosage of 4.0%) exhibits the optimal stabilization effect on soil contaminated with Pb and Cd. In soils with low, medium, and high contamination levels, SL reduced the bioavailability of Pb by 97.97%, 96.78%, and 95.82%, and the bioavailability of Cd by 92.96%, 91.76%, and 91.02%, respectively. SL surfaces are rich in hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonate (CO3

Indexed as

CadmiumEnvironmental Restoration and RemediationLeadMineralsSoilSoil PollutantsAdsorptionAgricultureBiological AvailabilityCalcium CarbonateMagnesium SilicatesSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredX-Ray DiffractionCadmiumCalcium CarbonateLeadMagnesium SilicatesMineralsSoilSoil PollutantsAgricultural soilCdNonmetallic mineralPbRemediation effectivenessStabilization mechanism

Identifiers

PMID40223021
PMCPMC11994751

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.