Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40222742›Full record

ArticlePediatrics2025

The Incidence of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in the United States: 2019.

Matthew Pooser, Yan Yuan, Saugat Karki, Kevin O'Callaghan, Kaitlin Hufstetler, Alejandro Perez, Andre Berro, Harrell Chesson, Kristen M Kreisel

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Matthew Pooser *Surveillance and Data Science Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Yan Yuan *Surveillance and Data Science Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Saugat KarkiSurveillance and Data Science Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Kevin O'CallaghanSurveillance and Data Science Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Kaitlin HufstetlerSurveillance and Data Science Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Alejandro PerezSurveillance and Data Science Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Andre BerroSurveillance and Data Science Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Harrell ChessonClinical, Economics, and Health Services Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Kristen M KreiselSurveillance and Data Science Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe objective of this study was to generate updated estimates for the incidence rate, cost burden, and case fatality rate (CFR) of neonatal herpes simplex virus (nHSV) infections in the US in 2019.

methodsA nationally representative sample of US pediatric discharges was assessed using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database to estimate the incidence, costs, and fatality of nHSV in 2019. Cases were estimated using herpes simplex virus International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (B00.xx, A60.xx, or P35.2) among infants aged 28 days or younger admitted to the hospital and with hospital stays more than 5 days or resulting in death. A matching algorithm was developed to deduplicate records of readmissions or transfers from another hospital. Estimates were generated overall and by sociodemographic factors including race, US region, primary payer, and median household income.

resultsIn total, 561 nHSV cases were estimated in the US in 2019, resulting in an incidence rate of 15.7 per 100 000 hospital births. The highest incidence rate was in the South (21.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.0-23.9) and in infants born to Black birth parents (27.3; 95% CI, 22.8-32.4). The total cost to the US health care system was estimated at $28.9 million. The CFR among infants with nHSV was estimated to be 4.6%.

conclusionThis study updates the incidence rate, cost burden, and CFR of nHSV in 2019, an increase compared with past estimates, and highlights the racial and geographic disparities across the US. Public health interventions for early detection and prevention are critical to mitigate these disparities.

Indexed as

Herpes SimplexPregnancy Complications, InfectiousFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40222742
PMCPMC12088598

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.