Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40221740›Full record

Observational studyItalian journal of pediatrics2025

Short-long term near infrared spectroscopy patterns after different milk regimens olfactory stimuli in late preterms.

Caterina Di Battista, Alice Grometto, Mariachiara Strozzi, Ebe D'Adamo, Giuseppe Lapergola, Antonio Maconi, Claudia Pelazzo, Marta Pasino, Vincenzo Salvo, Francesca Gazzolo and 6 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Italian journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Caterina Di BattistaNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, I-65100, Italy.
Alice GromettoNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, Alessandria, C. Arrigo, Italy.
Mariachiara StrozziDepartment of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy.
Ebe D'AdamoNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, I-65100, Italy.
Giuseppe LapergolaNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, I-65100, Italy.
Antonio MaconiIntegrated Activities Research Innovation Department, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, Alessandria, C. Arrigo, Italy.
Claudia PelazzoNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, Alessandria, C. Arrigo, Italy.
Marta PasinoNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, Alessandria, C. Arrigo, Italy.
Vincenzo SalvoNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Francesca GazzoloPediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Martina SpinelliDepartment of Science and Technological Innovation, Piemonte Orientale University, Alessandria, Italy.
Marta BettiIntegrated Activities Research Innovation Department, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, Alessandria, C. Arrigo, Italy.
Marinella BertolottiIntegrated Activities Research Innovation Department, ASO SS Antonio, Biagio, Alessandria, C. Arrigo, Italy.
Ali Saber AbdelhameedDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Simonetta PiconeNeonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino General Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Diego GazzoloNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, I-65100, Italy. dgazzolo@hotmail.com.

Funding

I Colori della Vita Foundation I Colori della Vita FoundationL'Insieme L'Insieme
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aim of the study is to investigate the effects of olfactory stimuli from breast and formula milk on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) cerebral and splanchnic patterns in late preterm infants.

methodsWe conducted a multicenter prospective observational pretest-test study in 30 late preterm infants subjected to olfactory stimuli from breast and formula milk. Regional oxygenation status, tissue function in cerebral and splanchnic districts, and cerebral-splanchnic hemodynamic redistribution were recorded at four pre-determined time-points: before sniffing (30 min), during sniffing (30 s), short-term (30 min), and long-term after olfactory stimuli (180 min).

resultsAfter olfactory stimuli from breast and formula milk we found: (i) a significant increase (p < 0.05) in cerebral oxygenation and cerebral-splanchnic hemodynamic redistribution after breast milk stimulus, (ii) a significant increase (p < 0.05) in splanchnic oxygenation and splanchnic-cerebral hemodynamic redistribution after formula milk stimulus.

conclusionsThe present results show early changes in NIRS patterns in cerebral and splanchnic districts after breast and formula milk stimuli. Data opens the way to further studies using NIRS as a reliable tool for central nervous system and splanchnic development and response after olfactory stimuli.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaInfant, PrematureMilk, HumanSmellCerebrovascular CirculationFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMaleProspective StudiesSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredTime FactorsBrainKidneyNIRSPrematureSplanchnic

Identifiers

PMID40221740
PMCPMC11994012

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.