Trial reportJournal of nephrology2025
The systemic and kidney hemodynamic response to empagliflozin, losartan and their combination varies between individuals.
Trial report in Journal of nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Maximizing blood pressure lowering effects: a review of drug class comparisons and rationale for combination approaches.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRenin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) are known for their kidney protective properties, but both show significant residual risk in large outcome trials. In these trials, SGLT2i were introduced on top of RASi; the individual response to each drug is currently unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate the individual reactions to the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) losartan and the SGLT2i empagliflozin and their combination on measured GFR (mGFR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP).
methodsIn this double-blind, randomized, 4-armed, crossover study, 24 participants received 7 days of empagliflozin 10 mg once daily, losartan 50 mg once daily, combination therapy or matching placebo. We visualized individual drug response variability. We further explored predictors of mGFR and SBP changes.
resultsDuring empagliflozin administration, a greater than 10% reduction in mGFR was observed in 26% of participants receiving empagliflozin, in 30% of those receiving losartan, and in 39% among participants on combination therapy. In comparison, a greater than 10% reduction in SBP was observed in 35% of participants on empagliflozin, in 39% of those receiving losartan and in 43% on combination therapy. A large part of the participants who did not respond to one drug, did respond to the other drug or their combination. Monotherapy SGLT2i did not correlate with monotherapy ARB in mGFR change or SBP change.
conclusionsOur data show large individual variability in response to treatment with the ARB losartan and the SGLT2i empagliflozin. Clinicians should monitor treatment responses in patients and consider switching from one kidney protective drug to another in non-responders.
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