Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40221506›Full record

SynthesisScientific reports2025

Meta-analysis of niacin and NAD metabolite treatment in infectious disease animal studies suggests benefit but requires confirmation in clinically relevant models.

Colleen S Curran, Xizhong Cui, Yan Li, Tom Gamble, Junfeng Sun, Samuel Minkove, Alicia A Livinski, Peter Q Eichacker, Parizad Torabi-Parizi

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Colleen S CurranNational Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Xizhong CuiCritical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Yan LiCritical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Tom GambleCritical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Junfeng SunCritical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Samuel MinkoveCritical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alicia A LivinskiNational Institutes of Health Library, Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Peter Q EichackerNational Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Parizad Torabi-PariziNational Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. parizad.torabi-parizi@nih.gov.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Disruption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis and function during infection may impair host defenses and aggravate inflammatory and oxidative organ injury. Increasingly, studies are investigating whether niacin or NAD metabolite treatment is beneficial in infection and sepsis animal models. We examined whether this preclinical experience supports clinical trials. A systematic review of three data bases was conducted through 2/29/2024 and a meta-analysis was performed comparing niacin or NAD metabolite treatment to control in adult animal models employing microbial challenges. Fifty-six studies met inclusion criteria, with 24 published after 2019. Most studies employed mouse (n = 40 studies) or rat (n = 12) models and administered either a bacterial toxin (n = 28) or bacterial (n = 19) challenge. Four and three studies employed viral or fungal challenges respectively. Studies investigated an NAD metabolite alone (n = 44), niacin alone (n = 9), or both (n = 3), usually administered before or within 24h after challenge (n = 50). Only three and four studies included standard antimicrobial support or started treatment > 24h after challenge respectively. In similar patterns with differing animal types (p ≥ 0.06), compared to control across those studies investigating the parameter, niacin or NAD treatment decreased the odds ratio of mortality [95% confidence interval (CI)] [0.28 (0.17, 0.49)] and in blood or tissue increased antioxidant levels [standardized mean differences (95%CI)] (SMD) [3.61 (2.20,5.02)] and decreased levels of microbes [- 2.44 (- 3.34, - 1.55)], histologic and permeability organ injury scoring [- 1.62 (- 2.27, - 0.98) and - 1.31(- 1.77, - 0.86) respectively], levels of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β [- 2.47 (- 3.30, - 1.64), - 3.17 (- 4.74, - 1.60) and - 8.44 (- 12.4, - 4.5) respectively] and myeloperoxidase (MPO) [- 1.60 (- 2.06, - 1.14)], although with significant, primarily quantitative heterogeneity for each (I

Indexed as

Communicable DiseasesNADNiacinAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalMiceRatsNADNiacinAnimalBacteriaFungusInfectionNADNiacinNicotinamideSepsisVirus

Identifiers

PMID40221506
PMCPMC11993703

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.