Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40221504›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Study of diffuse scattering on facial surface using ray tracing approach.

Po-Yen Lai, Ray Jia Hong Ng, Tatsuya Omotezako, Huizhe Liu, Wenjun Ding, Lim Jiun Yeu, Akira Matsubara

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Po-Yen LaiInstitute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore. lai_po-yen@ihpc.a-star.edu.sg.
Ray Jia Hong NgInstitute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
Tatsuya OmotezakoProcter & Gamble Singapore Innovation Center, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138547, Republic of Singapore.
Huizhe LiuInstitute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
Wenjun DingInstitute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
Lim Jiun YeuInstitute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
Akira MatsubaraKobe Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble Innovation GK, Kobe, Japan.

Funding

A*STAR BMRC Strategic Positioning Fund (SPF) under A*STAR-P&G Joint Grant Call on Health & Wellness Accelerator H23HW10008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the role of topographic attributes in light scattering and diffuse reflection on the skin surface, and diffuse transmission across the surface layer. Validated ray-tracing simulations establish a quantitative link between subvisible micro texture (SMT) and macro texture to skin optical properties, representing youthful and healthy skin characteristics. Our findings reveal the dominant role of the subvisible micro texture parameter ([Formula: see text], the ratio of width to height) in governing light scattering. Smaller ratios, corresponding to fine SMT, result in increased diffuse reflection and create a more pronounced soft-focus effect, which plays a critical role in driving profound skin appearance such as radiance. While the macro texture parameter also influences scattering, its impact is less significant. Additionally, we quantify the impact of SMT on the transversal light movement from inside the skin to outside it. This simulation showed that more incident light leaves after traveling inside skin with smaller [Formula: see text], a measure of finer SMT. Our validated 2D subvisible micro texture model accurately computes the light-skin interactions influenced by the various levels of the skin's topographic features, offering valuable insights for cosmetics, dermatology, and aesthetic medical imaging.

Identifiers

PMID40221504
PMCPMC11993760

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.