ArticleNature communications2025
Gut commensal Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 in lung cancer.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Microbiome and Response to Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- The lung-gut-brain axis in non-small-cell lung cancer: a narrative review with a systematic search of three signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- [Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Promising Avenue for Lung Cancer Therapy].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Local administration of polymyxin B-conjugated Akkermansia muciniphila outer membrane vesicles attenuate asthma by suppressing M2 macrophage polarization.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Live AirwayEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Neural regulation in lung cancer: from mechanisms to new therapeutic perspectives.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium longum ZFML0012 Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis via Gut-Joint Axis Regulation: Remodeling Microbiota, Boosting SCFAs/L-Glutamine, and Rebalancing Th17/Treg Immunity.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- The Gut-Lung Microbiome Axis in Alveolar Stem Cell Regeneration and Lung Repair.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics profiling of gut bacterial extracellular vesicles links cargo composition to host transcriptional responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Food-Derived Biohybrid Probiotic Extracellular Vesicles for Synergistic Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Strategic Interplay Between Pathogens and Hosts.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Harnessing Gut Microbiota to Enhance Immunotherapy in NSCLC: From Mechanisms to Translational Applications.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- miR-9394b from Lactobacillus paracasei extracellular vesicles targets iNOS to reprogram host NO-ornithine metabolism and ameliorate DSS-induced murine colitis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Association of Probiotics with Effectiveness of Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Taking Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Observational
- Microbial reprogramming of immunogenic cell death: a new paradigm in tumor immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Intratumoral Microorganisms in Tumors: Current Understanding and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.MedComm · 2026Review
- Decoding and exploiting intratumoral microbiota: from microenvironment modulation to clinical intervention.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although immunotherapy such as anti-programmed death-1 and its ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) is a standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many patients do not derive benefit directly. Several studies have elucidated new strategies to improve the antitumor immune response through gut microbiota modulation. However, it remains largely debatable regarding how gut microbiota remotely affect lung cancer microenvironment and subsequently modulate immunotherapy response. Here we show that commensal Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles (Bif.BEVs) can modulate the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC. These Bif.BEVs are up-taken by lung cancer cells predominantly via dynamin-dependent endocytosis and upregulate PD-L1 expression through TLR4-NF-κB pathway. They also efficiently penetrate murine intestinal and patient-derived lung cancer organoids. Oral gavage of these Bif.BEVs result in their accumulation in tumors in mice. Using a syngeneic mouse model, Bif.BEVs are found to synergize the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 via modulation of key cytokines, immune response and oncogenic pathways, and increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.