Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40221251›Full record

ReviewTrends in biotechnology2025

Brain organoids: building higher-order complexity and neural circuitry models.

Gulimiheranmu Maisumu, Stephanie Willerth, Michael W Nestor, Ben Waldau, Stefan Schülke, Francesco V Nardi, Osama Ahmed, You Zhou, Madel Durens, Bo Liang and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026
    Review
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  8. Engineering brain organoids: from neurodevelopmental modeling to translational barriers.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gulimiheranmu MaisumuDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Stephanie WillerthDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Michael W NestorNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Ben WaldauDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Stefan SchülkeMolecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany; Research Allergology (ALG 5), Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
Francesco V NardiDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Osama AhmedDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
You ZhouDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Madel DurensDepartment of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Bo LiangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Abraam M YakoubDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: ayakoub@bwh.harvard.edu.

Funding

SARS-CoV-2 tropism in the brain and its relationship to COVID-19 pathogenesisR01HL163814 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA · PI LAZARTIGUES, ERIC D, TSENG, CHIEN-TE K · 2021 to 2021
$4.3M
Autophagon: an Autophagy-Functionalizing Gene Therapy Tool for Neurodegenerative DiseasesR01AG074899 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA · PI Abraam M. Yakoub · 2022 to 2026
$3.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL163814NIA NIH HHS R01 AG074899
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain organoids are 3D tissue models of the human brain that are derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). They have enabled studies that were previously stymied by the inaccessibility of human brain tissue or the limitations of mouse models of some brain diseases. Despite their enormous potential, brain organoids have had significant limitations that prevented them from recapitulating the full complexity of the human brain and reduced their utility in disease studies. We describe recent progress in addressing these limitations, especially building complex organoids that recapitulate the interactions between multiple brain regions, and reconstructing in vitro the neural circuitry present in vivo. These major advances in the human brain organoid technology will remarkably facilitate brain disease modeling and neuroscience research.

Indexed as

BrainModels, NeurologicalNerve NetOrganoidsAnimalsHumansPluripotent Stem Cellsassembloidsbrain developmentbrain diseasebrain organoidsneural circuitry

Identifiers

PMID40221251
PMCPMC12276974

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.