Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40220754›Full record

ArticleCell2025

Engineering TCR-controlled fuzzy logic into CAR T cells enhances therapeutic specificity.

Taisuke Kondo, François X P Bourassa, Sooraj Achar, Justyn DuSold, Pablo F Céspedes, Makoto Ando, Alka Dwivedi, Josquin Moraly, Christopher Chien, Saliha Majdoul and 15 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Mapping the clinical landscape of multifunctional CAR T cells: Targets, trends, and synergies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Design principles of the cytotoxic CD8Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. The Five-Decade Journey of Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Parallel reactions on a single T cell receptor offer a robust kinetic proofreading mechanism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  16. Design principles of the cytotoxic CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  17. Computational optimization of chimeric antigen receptor.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Taisuke KondoPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
François X P BourassaDepartment of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Sooraj AcharImmunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Justyn DuSoldPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Pablo F CéspedesKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; CAMS Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Makoto AndoPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alka DwivediPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Josquin MoralyPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Christopher ChienPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Saliha MajdoulPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Adam L KenetImmunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Madison WahlstenImmunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Audun KvalvaagKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.
Edward JenkinsKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sanghyun P KimSurgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Catherine M AdeSurgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Zhiya YuSurgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Guillaume GaudSection on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Marco DavilaRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Paul LoveSection on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
James C YangSurgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Michael L DustinKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Grégoire Altan-BonnetImmunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: gregoire.altan-bonnet@nih.gov.
Paul FrançoisDépartement de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; MILA Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: paul.francois@umontreal.ca.
Naomi TaylorPediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: taylorn4@mail.nih.gov.

Funding

Phenotypic variability within isogenic population of lymphocytesZIABC011726 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI ALTAN-BONNET, GRÉGOIRE · 2016 to 2025
$3.9M
Immunophenotyping by high-dimensional cytometry and machine learningZIABC011807 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI ALTAN-BONNET, GRÉGOIRE · 2018 to 2025
$3.6M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA BC011726Intramural NIH HHS ZIA BC011807
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy represents a breakthrough in the treatment of hematological malignancies, but poor specificity has limited its applicability to solid tumors. By contrast, natural T cells harboring T cell receptors (TCRs) can discriminate between neoantigen-expressing cancer cells and self-antigen-expressing healthy tissues but have limited potency against tumors. We used a high-throughput platform to systematically evaluate the impact of co-expressing a TCR and CAR on the same CAR T cell. While strong TCR-antigen interactions enhanced CAR activation, weak TCR-antigen interactions actively antagonized their activation. Mathematical modeling captured this TCR-CAR crosstalk in CAR T cells, allowing us to engineer dual TCR/CAR T cells targeting neoantigens (HHAT

Indexed as

Fuzzy LogicImmunotherapy, AdoptiveReceptors, Antigen, T-CellReceptors, Chimeric AntigenT-LymphocytesAnimalsAntigens, NeoplasmCell Line, TumorErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesHumansMiceNeoplasmsAntigens, NeoplasmErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesReceptors, Antigen, T-CellReceptors, Chimeric Antigencancer immunotherapyCAR T cellsfuzzy logichumanized in vivo toxicity modelon-target/off-tumor toxicityroboticssystems immunologyTCRtheoretical modeling

Identifiers

PMID40220754
PMCPMC12107475

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.