ArticleSleep2025
Variations in sleep duration and timing: weekday and seasonal variations in sleep are common in an analysis of 73 million nights from an objective sleep tracker.
Article in Sleep, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sleep pattern differences in women at midlife: a large-scale multi-country smartwatch study (SONAR).Sleep · 2026Article
- The nutritional and metabolic impact of night shift work in a real-world setting.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Article
- Sleep Duration and Sun Exposure in Portuguese Children: Associations With Obesity Indicators.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Article
- The Natural History of Insomnia: Sleep Opportunity Extension Following a Poor Night of Sleep Is Not Related to the Transition From Acute to Chronic Insomnia.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Article
- Zero burden multi night monitoring with AI enabled technology reduces obstructive sleep apnea misdiagnosis.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- The All of Us Research Program's wearables dataset.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Health Related Quality of Life and Sleep Regularity Among Middle-Aged to Older Adults From the Community.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- The prevalence of short sleep duration and sleep disturbances among working-age adults in Poland - a secondary analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Improving sleep in ICUs through real-time sleep monitoring: a proof-of-concept study.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- The impact of school life and holidays on sleep and physical activity patterns in junior high school students: a small-sample longitudinal study using wearable devices.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- "Social Apnea": Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Exacerbated on Weekends.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Sleep and Stroke-An Overlooked Bidirectional Influence: Why Should Sleep and Vascular Neurologists Work Closer?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea severity varies by season and environmental influences such as ambient temperature.Communications medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesIrregular sleep is a major risk factor for adverse health. In a global sample with technology-enabled long-term objective sleep data spanning 3.5 years, we investigated variability in sleep duration and timing over weekdays, months, seasons, and years.
methodsRegistered users of an FDA-cleared under-mattress sleep sensor who had ≥28 nights of sleep recordings and averaged ≥4 nights per/week between January 2020 and September 2023 were included for analyses. Generalized nonlinear fixed effects models were used to assess associations between sleep duration and sleep timing with weekday, month, season, and year. Sub-group analyses were conducted by age, sex, and location.
resultsData from 116 879 adults (90 333 males, 26 546 females) aged 49 ± 14 years were analyzed. Weekday variation was observed, with 20-35 minutes longer sleep duration on weekends versus weekdays. Time to bed and time out of bed were 30-40 minutes and 60-80 minutes later on weekends, respectively. Seasonal variation in sleep duration was also evident; sleep duration was 15-20 minutes longer during winter in the northern hemisphere, 15-20 minutes shorter during summer in the southern hemisphere, and variations reduced closer to the equator. Sleep duration decreased from 2020 to 2023 but the effect was small (2.5 minutes).
conclusionsThese novel findings underscore the seasonal nature of human sleep, influenced by demographics and geography.
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