ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2025
Effect size estimation in cooperative group- and industry-sponsored phase 3 oncology trials.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bayesian interim analysis and efficiency of phase III randomized trials.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Not all trials are created equal: the unique role of the NCI National Clinical Trials Network.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Overly optimistic estimations of effect sizes may lead to underpowered studies and risk of erroneously dismissing effective treatments. To understand the prevalence and factors contributing to estimation of effect sizes, we evaluated 385 superiority-design phase 3 oncology randomized controlled trials with prespecified and observed hazard ratios in published manuscripts. Of these, 88% were sponsored by industry and 22.6% were sponsored by cooperative groups. Few (10%) studies provided justification of their chosen sample size in the manuscript or available protocol. Overly optimistic estimations of effect sizes were common in cooperative group studies and, by contrast, uncommon in industry-sponsored studies. Moreover, industry-sponsored trials meeting the primary endpoint frequently achieved lower hazard ratios than expected. Together, these data suggest a correlation between study sponsorship, clinical trial power calculations, and subsequent trial outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.