Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40220280›Full record

ArticleJournal of foot and ankle research2025

Footwear Toe-Box Shape and Medial Forefoot Pressures in Women With Hallux Valgus.

Katrina J Bajraszewski, Polly Q X Lim, Andrew K Buldt, Sheree E Hurn, Karen J Mickle, Edward Roddy, Anita E Wluka, Bircan Erbas, Shannon E Munteanu, Hylton B Menz

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Katrina J BajraszewskiDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
Polly Q X LimDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-2272
Andrew K BuldtDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-2780
Sheree E HurnSchool of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-6597
Karen J MickleApplied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-3275
Edward RoddySchool of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8954-7082
Anita E WlukaSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9049
Bircan ErbasSchool of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-418X
Shannon E MunteanuDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-2743
Hylton B MenzDiscipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-3846

Funding

La Trobe University Research Focus Area in Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Grant-ready Scheme
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNarrow fitting footwear is a modifiable risk factor for the development of hallux valgus (HV). Despite this, the pressure that footwear exerts at the medial forefoot has not been fully evaluated in people with HV. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the toe box of footwear habitually worn by women with HV is associated with pressure exerted on the medial forefoot.

methodsIn-shoe peak pressure and maximum force at the medial forefoot (distal and proximal sites) were recorded from 28 women (mean age 60.7 years, SD 10.7) with moderate or severe HV using the pedar pad pressure system (Novel GmbH, Germany). The shape (width and area) of the participants' most symptomatic foot and toe-box of their usual footwear was determined using an INFOOT 3D laser scanner (I-Ware Laboratory, Japan) and hand tracing, respectively. The difference between the foot and corresponding footwear measurements as well as differences in the magnitude and timing of peak pressure and maximum force between the proximal and distal forefoot were determined using independent t-tests. Correlations between forefoot pressures with toe-box differential were determined using Spearman's ρ analyses.

resultsPeak pressure and maximum force were significantly greater (mean difference [MD] = 33.0 ± 15.4 kPa; p < 0.001 and 12.8 ± 7.3 N; p = 0.001) and occurred slightly later in the stance phase at the distal forefoot compared to the proximal forefoot (MD = 6.0 ± 6.9%; p = 0.083 and 6.9 ± 6.8%; p = 0.045, respectively). There were no significant correlations between toe-box differential and medial forefoot pressures, with all correlations less than 0.35 (p > 0.05).

conclusionToe-box shape and fit of footwear typically worn by older women with painful HV was not associated with increased medial forefoot pressures in this study sample. Therefore, changing the toe-box width and area of the usual footwear worn by older women with painful, moderate or severe HV may not necessarily reduce medial forefoot pressures where footwear does not appear to play a role.

Indexed as

Forefoot, HumanHallux ValgusShoesAgedBiomechanical PhenomenaEquipment DesignFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPressureToesbiomechanicsforefoothallux valgushumanpressureshoes

Identifiers

PMID40220280
PMCPMC11992996

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.