Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40220188›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2025

Assessment of water quality and occurrence of multidrug-resistant clinically relevant bacteria in drinking water in the twin cities of Pakistan.

Nudrat Nadeem, Muhammad Nadeem, Nazish Bostan, Sadia Sattar, Roger Simm, Sundus Javed

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nudrat NadeemMicrobiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad NadeemMicrobiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Nazish BostanMolecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Sadia SattarMolecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Roger SimmDepartment of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. roger.simm@ibv.uio.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-2456
Sundus JavedMicrobiology and Public Health Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Funding

HEC FDP fellowship 17-5/FBS3-019/HEC/Sch-FDP/2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water filtration plants are a main source of drinking water for local populations in almost all big cities of Pakistan but these filtration plants are ineffective in eliminating contaminants from water. This study was conducted to evaluate water quality with specific focus on physicochemical parameters and bacterial contamination including occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in drinking water collected from filtration plants (N = 64) of the twin cities of Pakistan. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed following American Public Health Association standard guidelines and total coliform count was determined using membrane filtration method. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and characterized in terms of species and antibiotic susceptibility. Elevated levels of total dissolved solids, nitrates, total coliforms, lead and copper were found in several samples. Multivariate correlation coefficient revealed significant positive correlation between nitrate levels and total coliform count in bacteriologically contaminated samples. Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria with high resistance against third generation cephalosporins. Our results highlight the urgent need for improved water filtration processes and regular monitoring to provide safe drinking water to the local community.

Indexed as

BacteriaDrinking WaterDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEnvironmental MonitoringWater MicrobiologyWater QualityCitiesPakistanDrinking WaterCefotaximeCephalosporinHeavy metalsMultidrug resistanceWater filtration plantWater quality

Identifiers

PMID40220188
PMCPMC11993497

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.