Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40220174›Full record

SynthesisInternational ophthalmology2025

Treating or tolerating persistent subretinal fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review of visual and anatomical outcomes with anti-VEGF therapy.

Esmaeil Asadi Khameneh, Hassan Asadigandomani, Elias Khalili Pour, Reza Sadeghi, Arash Mirzaei, Nikoo Bayan, Shayan Shojaei, Nader Mohammadi, Shahed Fadaei Fard, Hooshang Faghihi and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Esmaeil Asadi KhamenehEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Hassan AsadigandomaniEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Elias Khalili PourEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Reza SadeghiEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Arash MirzaeiEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Nikoo BayanEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Shayan ShojaeiEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Nader MohammadiEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Shahed Fadaei FardEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Hooshang FaghihiEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran.
Hamid Riazi-EsfahaniEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Qazvin Street, Tehran, Iran. Hamidriazi@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe management of persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) varies, with no comprehensive review of outcomes from different treatment approaches. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of interventions for managing persistent SRF in nAMD patients.

methodsUsing a structured search strategy, a systematic review examined anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments for nAMD with persistent SRF. After removing duplicates, 861 articles were screened, 255 underwent full-text review, and 19 met the eligibility criteria.

resultsThe included studies demonstrated variable outcomes regarding the management of persistent SRF in nAMD. Several studies supported tolerating SRF, showing no significant difference in visual acuity between patients with and without persistent SRF. Conversely, some studies advocated for more aggressive treatment, demonstrating a significant reduction in SRF and potential visual benefits. Patients with SRF generally have better visual outcomes compared to those with intraretinal fluid or cysts. High-frequency anti-VEGF regimens, especially with aflibercept, reduce SRF and maintain visual acuity. However, less aggressive protocols achieve stable outcomes with fewer injections.

conclusionPersistent SRF in nAMD does not necessarily lead to worse visual outcomes. Standardized protocols and further research are needed to improve management strategies.

Indexed as

Angiogenesis InhibitorsSubretinal FluidVisual AcuityWet Macular DegenerationHumansIntravitreal InjectionsReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorRecombinant Fusion ProteinsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AafliberceptAngiogenesis InhibitorsReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorRecombinant Fusion ProteinsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAnti-VEGF therapyIndividualized treatmentNeovascular age-related macular degenerationPersistent subretinal fluidSystematic reviewVisual outcomes

Identifiers

PMID40220174

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.