Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40219643›Full record

ArticleSubstance use & misuse2025

Association of Substance Use with Types of Assault-Related Injury Among Black Men in Baltimore, Maryland.

L A Marineau, N A Perrin, R M Johnson, M Uzzi, K A Alexander, N A Irvin, P Thurman, J C Campbell

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Substance use & misuse, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

L A MarineauJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2494-472X
N A PerrinJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
R M JohnsonDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
M UzziDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
K A AlexanderJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
N A IrvinDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
P ThurmanUniversity of Maryland R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J C CampbellJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

Understanding Risk Factors, Including Substance Use, for Recurrent Assault Related InjuryF31DA053029 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MARINEAU, LEA · 2021 to 2023
$140k
NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA053029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBlack men in Baltimore, Maryland experience high rates of assault-related injuries, and the association between substance use and assault-related injury is unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine substance use in association with types of assault-related injury (blunt force, stabbing, and firearm).

methodsBlack men aged 18-34 admitted to a large trauma center in Baltimore, Maryland with an assault-related injury and toxicology screen between 2013 and 2017 (

resultsCannabis was more frequently detected (42.5%), followed by alcohol (24.4%), opioids (22.3%), and cocaine (3.6%). Over one quarter of men screened positive for multiple substances (25.8%). Men who screened positive for alcohol use were 134% more likely to have been stabbed vs. shot and 54% more likely to have been beaten (i.e., blunt force assault) vs. shot. Men who screened positive for cannabis had a 32% lower risk of experiencing a stabbing compared to firearm assault, and 50% lower risk of experiencing a blunt force compared to firearm assault.

conclusionAmong Black men who received care for an assault-related injury, those who were shot were more likely to have screened positive for cannabis and less likely to have screened positive for alcohol. Socio-contextual factors and acute intoxication effects may explain why differing substance types were associated with different types of assault injury. Future research should examine environmental and social contexts of substance use types among assault-injured men.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanSubstance-Related DisordersViolenceWounds and InjuriesWounds, GunshotWounds, StabAdolescentAdultBaltimoreHumansMaleYoung Adultassault-related injuryblunt force assaultfirearm assaultstabbing assaultsubstance use

Identifiers

PMID40219643
PMCPMC12166359

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.