Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40218708›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

A Comprehensive Understanding of Postural Tone Biomechanics: Intrinsic Stiffness, Functional Stiffness, Antagonist Coactivation, and COP Dynamics in Post-Stroke Adults.

Liliana Pinho, Marta Freitas, Francisco Pinho, Sandra Silva, Vânia Figueira, Edgar Ribeiro, Andreia S P Sousa, Filipa Sousa, Augusta Silva

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Liliana PinhoEscola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-6751-5269
Marta FreitasEscola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-6325-6412
Francisco PinhoEscola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-0640-8181
Sandra SilvaEscola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-4815-4896
Vânia FigueiraEscola Superior de Saúde do Vale do Ave, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-7924-6895
Edgar RibeiroCentre of Research Rehabilitation (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Andreia S P SousaCentre of Research Rehabilitation (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-9528-1463
Filipa SousaCentre for Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-4084-1942
Augusta SilvaCentre of Research Rehabilitation (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo analyse the relationship between traditional stiffness and muscle antagonist coactivation in both stroke and healthy participants, using linear and non-linear measures of coactivation and COP during standing, stand-to-sit, and gait initiation.

methodsParticipants were evaluated through a cross-sectional design. Electromyography, isokinetic dynamometer, and force plate were used to calculate coactivation, intrinsic and functional stiffness, and COP displacement, with both linear and non-linear metrics. Spearman's correlations and Mann-Whitney tests were applied (

resultsPost-stroke participants showed higher contralesional intrinsic stiffness (

conclusionPost-stroke participants showed higher contralesional intrinsic and functional stiffness, reduced coactivation in static tasks, and increased coactivation in dynamic tasks. COP and coactivation analyses revealed impaired stability and random control, highlighting the importance of multidimensional evaluations of postural tone.

Indexed as

Postural BalancePostureStrokeAdultAgedBiomechanical PhenomenaCross-Sectional StudiesElectromyographyFemaleGaitHumansMaleMiddle AgedMuscle, SkeletalStroke Rehabilitationbiomechanical stabilitymuscle toneneuromuscular adaptationnon-linear analysispostural control

Identifiers

PMID40218708
PMCPMC11990969

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.