ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025
IoT-Enabled Real-Time Monitoring of Urban Garbage Levels Using Time-of-Flight Sensing Technology.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dynamic Scheduling and Adaptive Power Control for LoRaWAN-Based Waste Management: An Energy-Efficient IoT Framework.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Decentralized Distributed Sequential Neural Networks Inference on Low-Power Microcontrollers in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Predictive Maintenance Case Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Autonomous Waste Classification Using Multi-Agent Systems and Blockchain: A Low-Cost Intelligent Approach.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This manuscript presents a real-time monitoring system for urban garbage levels using Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensing technology. The experiment employs the VL53L8CX sensor, which accurately measures distances, along with an ESP32-S3 microcontroller that enables IoT connectivity. The ToF-Node IoT system, consisting of the VL53L8CX sensor connected to the ESP32-S3, communicates with an IoT gateway (Raspberry Pi 3) via Wi-Fi, which then connects to an IoT cloud. The ToF-Node communicates with the IoT gateway using Wi-Fi, and after with the IoT cloud, also using Wi-Fi. This setup provides real-time data on waste container capacities, facilitating efficient waste collection management. By integrating sensor data and network communication, the system supports informed decision-making for optimizing collection logistics, contributing to cleaner and more sustainable cities. The ToF-Node was tested in four scenarios, with a PCB measuring 40 × 18 × 4 mm and an enclosure of 65 × 40 × 30 mm. We used an office trash box with a height of 250 mm (25 cm), and the ToF-Node was located on the top. Results demonstrate that the effectiveness of ToF technology in environmental monitoring and the potential of IoT to enhance urban services. For detailed monitoring, additional ToF sensors may be required. Data collected are displayed in the IoT cloud for better monitoring and can be viewed by level and volume. The ToF-Node and the IoT gateway have a combined power consumption of 153.8 mAh.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.