Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40218423›Full record

ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2025

Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD): A Concise Review of the Recent Literature.

Michael Rafla, Peilong Yang, Ayman Mostafa

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Michael RaflaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-2104-9292
Peilong YangDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-7785-655X
Ayman MostafaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5909-8581

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo review recent advancements in cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) in dogs, focusing on diagnostic innovations and treatment options. STUDY

designLiterature review. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Not applicable.

methodsAnalysis of current literature on diagnostic tools and treatment techniques for CCLD, with emphasis on recent trends and advancements.

resultsEnhanced diagnostic tools, such as Computed Tomography (CT), offer detailed anatomical insights, improving the accuracy of CCLD assessments. Treatment approaches include extra-articular techniques like lateral fabellar suture stabilization, intra-articular methods with natural and synthetic implants, and advanced surgical procedures such as Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO), Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA), and arthroscopy. Recent trends favor combining techniques, such as TPLO with lateral fabellar sutures or arthroscopy with TPLO, to optimize outcomes. Intra-articular techniques, while promising, may face challenges related to graft choice and tunnel placement.

conclusionsA multifaceted approach integrating advanced diagnostics and tailored treatments enhances patient outcomes for CCLD. Ongoing advancements in both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are crucial for effective management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE/IMPACT: This review highlights recent advancements and research in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CCLD, providing valuable insights for veterinary surgeons and researchers. The integration of these advanced approaches is essential for improving clinical outcomes in canine CCLD management.

Indexed as

cranial cruciate ligamentdogextra-articular stabilizationintra-articular stabilizationligament diseasesmall animal surgeryTPLOTTA

Identifiers

PMID40218423
PMCPMC11987738

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.