ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Beyond Cholesterol: Emerging Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond Traditional Risk Scores: Artificial Intelligence in Coronary Plaque Characterization and Personalized Atherosclerosis Management.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Engineered heart-liver axis nanoregulators synergize autophagy activation and systemic metabolic reprogramming against atherosclerosis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Hyperlipidemia and New-Onset Diabetes Should Not Be Ignored Despite Initial Angiographic Exclusion of Significant Atherosclerotic Occlusive Arterial Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Linking Gut Microbiota, Mitochondrial Redox Dysfunction, and Ferroptosis in Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Narrative Review of Mechanistic Evidence and Redox-Targeted Interventions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- LRG1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic Basis and Current Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Thymoquinone in Atherosclerosis: A Multi-Target Nutraceutical Modulating Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Lipid Metabolism.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Overcoming Patient Access Barriers in Complex Conditions: Lessons from Schizophrenia for Broader Healthcare Applications.Journal of market access & health policy · 2026Article
- Association of the novel remnant cholesterol inflammatory index with acute coronary syndrome risk in hospitalized patients with diabetes: a two-center study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative associations and incremental predictive value of cardiometabolic and inflammatory indices for short- to mid-term cardiovascular disease risk in two Chinese cohorts.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Emerging insights into inflammation-driven atherosclerosis: immune cell mechanisms.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Multi-omics integration reveals macrophage polarization and ferroptosis as key mechanisms underlying kaempferol's therapeutic efficacy in peripheral artery disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Imbalance of the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Major Depressive Disorder: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Translation.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Integrative multi-omics analysis identifies a robust 14-metabolite signature and reveals microbiome-metabolite-host interactions in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Sjogren's Disease and Elevated Cardiovascular Risk: Mechanisms and Treatment.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Special Issue "Atherosclerosis 2: From Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches".International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Comparing Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from the LURIC Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Aspartate Is A Determinant of TNF-α Biogenesis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insight Into the Pathogenesis of Noncommunicable Diseases.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Five Major Ingredients in Normal and Atherosclerotic Rats after Oral Administration of Shenlian Formula.Current drug metabolism · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, traditionally linked to elevated cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, despite aggressive lipid-lowering strategies, residual cardiovascular risk persists, underscoring the need to explore additional contributing factors. This review examines emerging risk factors beyond cholesterol, including chronic inflammation, gut microbiota composition, oxidative stress, and environmental exposures. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherogenesis, with markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) serving as indicators of disease activity. The gut microbiome, particularly metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been implicated in vascular inflammation and plaque development, while beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) demonstrate protective effects. Oxidative stress further exacerbates endothelial dysfunction and plaque instability, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, environmental factors, including air pollution, heavy metal exposure, endocrine disruptors, and chronic psychological stress, have emerged as significant contributors to cardiovascular disease. Understanding these novel risk factors offers a broader perspective on atherosclerosis pathogenesis and provides new avenues for targeted prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.