Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40217556›Full record

ReviewJournal of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors2023

The associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and mental health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Mitch J Duncan, Leah Murphy, Stina Oftedal, Matthew J Fenwick, Grace E Vincent, Sasha Fenton

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Game over: dissecting the overlooked health harms of modern sports.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. The Genetic Blueprint of Obesity: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mitch J DuncanSchool of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Mitch.Duncan@newcastle.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-6195
Leah MurphySchool of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
Stina OftedalQueensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6769-1454
Matthew J FenwickSchool of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-9782
Grace E VincentAppleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville, South Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-7823
Sasha FentonSchool of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-5810

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council APP1141606
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPhysical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep are interrelated and may have a synergistic impact on health. This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies aimed to evaluate the combined influence of different combinations of these behaviours on mortality risk and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, diabetes, and mental health.

methodsFour online databases were used to identify studies from database inception to May 2023. Prospective cohort studies that examined how different combinations of physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours were associated with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and mental health in adults were included. Random effects meta-analyses using the Der Simonian and Laird method were conducted.

resultsAssessment of 4583 records resulted in twelve studies being included. Studies were qualitatively summarised and a sub-group of studies (n = 5) were meta-analysed. The most frequent combination of behaviours was duration of leisure time physical activity and sleep (n = 9), with all-cause mortality (n = 16), CVD mortality (n = 9) and cancer mortality (n = 7) the most frequently examined outcomes. Meta-analysis revealed that relative to High physical activity & Mid sleep, High physical activity and Short sleep was not associated with risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.97, 1.14), however Low physical activity and Short Sleep (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.24, 1.63), Low physical activity and Mid Sleep (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.52), High physical activity and Long Sleep (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.32), and Low physical activity and Long Sleep were associated with risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.21, 2.20).

conclusionsHigh levels of physical activity may offset all-cause mortality risks associated with short sleep duration. Low levels of physical activity combined with short sleep duration and any level of physical activity in combination with long sleep duration appear to increase mortality risk. Currently there is limited evidence regarding how dimensions of physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours other than duration (e.g., quality, timing, type) are associated with future health status.

Indexed as

MortalityMuscle-strengtheningPhysical activityProspectiveSittingSleepSleep health

Identifiers

PMID40217556
PMCPMC11960281

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.