ArticleBMC oral health2025
Diagnostic utility of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in pulpal blood for assessing pulpitis severity.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- An Exploration of Nanobiotechnology Bridging Patho-Therapeutics with Regenerative and Clinical Perspectives in Periodontitis.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
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Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic utility of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, specifically Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, in distinguishing different stages of pulpitis and their combined performance in clinical diagnosis.
methodsA total of 161 participants were enrolled and categorized into normal pulp (NP, n = 45), reversible pulpitis (RP, n = 75), and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (IP, n = 41). Th2 cytokine levels in pulpal blood samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
resultsTh2 cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) were significantly elevated in pulpitis cases compared to normal pulp, with the highest concentrations observed in symptomatic IP. Diagnostic analysis showed that IL-4 and IL-13 had the highest diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing pulpitis (both RP and IP) from normal pulp, with AUCs of 0.91, and perfect specificity (100%). IL-5 demonstrated the best balance between sensitivity (68%) and specificity (97%) for differentiating IP from NP (AUC = 0.84). IL-13, though less effective overall, provided moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.63) for distinguishing RP from NP. Additionally, the combined diagnostic model of all four cytokines achieved high AUCs, particularly in distinguishing irreversible pulpitis from normal pulp (AUC = 0.94) and irreversible pulpitis from reversible pulpitis (AUC = 0.90).
conclusionsTh2 cytokines, especially IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, are effective biomarkers for identifying different stages of pulpitis. Their elevated levels, particularly in irreversible pulpitis, provide strong diagnostic accuracy. Combined cytokine analysis enhances diagnostic precision, making Th2 cytokine profiling a valuable tool for assessing pulpitis severity.
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