Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40216898›Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2025

A proof of concept study on digital interventions for reducing socio-evaluative stress and anxiety in youth.

Rüya Akdağ, Mariska E Kret, Evin Aktar, Milica Nikolić

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rüya AkdağDepartment of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands. r.akdag@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
Mariska E KretDepartment of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Evin AktarDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Milica NikolićResearch Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 1154.2.171Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek VI.Veni.201G.017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Youth often struggle with heightened sensitivity to social judgement, increasing their vulnerability to fear in social situations. This study investigates brief digital interventions aimed at regulating cognitive and affective disturbances related to social anxiety, specifically focusing on fear responses in a social-evaluative threat context. One-hundred-twenty healthy youth were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: attention training, detached mindfulness, slow breathing, or an active control condition. To induce social-evaluative threat, participants delivered a public speech after a 12-min video intervention. We assessed subjective anxiety levels, metacognition, heart rate variability (HRV), and subjective and objective performance ratings throughout the experiment. Results indicated that the slow breathing intervention significantly increased HRV immediately after the intervention, during the public speaking task, and during the recovery and reduced state anxiety immediately after the intervention. In contrast, attention training and detached mindfulness did not yield significant effects, although detached mindfulness did increase HRV immediately post-intervention. These preliminary findings suggest that brief digital interventions, especially slow breathing, may effectively alleviate fear responses in youth during social-evaluative contexts, highlighting their potential as accessible support tools.

Indexed as

AnxietyStress, PsychologicalAdolescentAttentionChildFearFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleMindfulnessProof of Concept StudyDigital interventionsHeart rate variabilityNegative metacognitive thoughtsSocial evaluative threatSubclinical social anxiety

Identifiers

PMID40216898
PMCPMC11992151

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.