Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40216735›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

In vivo armed macrophages curb liver metastasis through tumor-reactive T-cell rejuvenation.

Marco Notaro, Maristella Borghetti, Chiara Bresesti, Giovanna Giacca, Thomas Kerzel, Carl Mirko Mercado, Stefano Beretta, Marco Monti, Ivan Merelli, Silvia Iaia and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Red Blood Cells as Endogenous Biotweezers for Optical Micromanipulation In Vivo.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Ad-justing macrophages for cancer immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Marco NotaroVector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-4835
Maristella BorghettiVector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Chiara BresestiVector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-9774
Giovanna GiaccaVector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Thomas KerzelVector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-5319
Carl Mirko MercadoVector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9599-9563
Stefano BerettaBioInformatics Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-004X
Marco MontiBioInformatics Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1266-4325
Ivan MerelliBioInformatics Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Silvia IaiaMechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit and Immune Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Marco GenuaGenomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-8163
Andrea AnnoniMechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit and Immune Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-2578
Tamara CanuPreclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Patrizia CristoforiGLP Test Facility, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Sara Degl'InnocentiGLP Test Facility, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Francesca SanvitoGLP Test Facility, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-8420
Paola Maria Vittoria RancoitaCUSSB University Center for Statistics in the Biomedical Science, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Renato OstuniVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-3426
Silvia GregoriMechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit and Immune Core, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-9683
Luigi NaldiniVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-527X
Mario Leonardo SquadritoVector Engineering and In vivo Tumor Targeting Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. squadrito.mario@hsr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1188-0299

Funding

Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (Italian Association for Cancer Research) 22737Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (Italian Association for Cancer Research) 29619Fondazione Cariplo (Cariplo Foundation) 2019-1834
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite recent progress in cancer treatment, liver metastases persist as an unmet clinical need. Here, we show that arming liver and tumor-associated macrophages in vivo to co-express tumor antigens (TAs), IFNα, and IL-12 unleashes robust anti-tumor immune responses, leading to the regression of liver metastases. Mechanistically, in vivo armed macrophages expand tumor reactive CD8

Indexed as

CD8-Positive T-LymphocytesLiver NeoplasmsMacrophagesTumor-Associated MacrophagesAnimalsAntigens, NeoplasmCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCell Line, TumorColorectal NeoplasmsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansInterferon-alphaInterleukin-12LiverMelanomaAntigens, NeoplasmInterferon-alphaInterleukin-12

Identifiers

PMID40216735
PMCPMC11992024

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.