ArticleEuropean radiology2025
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus transarterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Article in European radiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Radiological Loco-Regional Treatments for Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Pooled it
- Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy for Cholangiocarcinoma in 2025.Liver cancer · 2026Review
- Preoperative MVI prediction in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via deep learning analysis of intratumoral and peritumoral features on multi-sequence MRI.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Outcome of adding percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage to DEB-TACE in patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma with obstructive jaundice: comparison with sole DEB-TACE.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have poor overall survival (OS). Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), including conventional TACE (c-TACE) and drug-eluting bead TACE (DEB-TACE), are widely used to treat ICC, but the efficacy of these therapies has not been fully demonstrated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of HAIC and TACE in unresectable ICC patients.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study included unresectable ICC patients who received HAIC, c-TACE or DEB-TACE as initial treatment between June 2016 and October 2023 at three hospitals. The median OS (mOS), tumor response, and incidence of adverse events (AEs) were compared and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce selection bias.
resultsA total of 181 patients with unresectable ICC received HAIC (n = 24), c-TACE (n = 73) and DEB-TACE (n = 84). The HAIC group had significantly higher mOS (10.3 vs. 5.1 months, p = 0.0042), objective response rate (ORR) (29.2% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.002) and disease control rate (DCR) (95.8% vs. 43.8%, p < 0.001) than the c-TACE group. There was no significant difference between the HAIC and DEB-TACE groups in improving mOS (10.3 vs. 12.5 months, p = 0.61). Results remained consistent after PSM. The c-TACE and DEB-TACE groups had a higher incidence of AEs compared with the HAIC group. After matching, there was no significant difference in the incidence of AEs between groups.
conclusionHAIC improves ICC patient prognosis better than c-TACE. Both HAIC and DEB-TACE are superior treatment options for unresectable ICC. KEY POINTS: Question The evidence of comparative effectiveness between hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is insufficient. Findings HAIC significantly improved median overall survival, tumor response, and prognosis while reducing adverse events compared to convention TACE (c-TACE) in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients. Clinical relevance HAIC significantly improves OS and tumor response in patients with unresectable ICC compared to c-TACE, but HAIC shows no significant difference from drug-eluting bead-TACE. Notably, HAIC shows no significant difference in adverse events compared to both c-TACE and DEB-TACE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.