Caring Too Much or Too Little? Relations Among Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Empathy, and Prosociality in Emerging Adulthood.

Rachel Scott, Kristie L Poole, Louis A Schmidt, Raha Hassan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rachel ScottDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6977-1203

Kristie L PooleDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-9540

Louis A SchmidtDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-0664

Raha HassanDepartment of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-9993

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most previous work examining relations between social withdrawal and social cognition has focused primarily on empathy-related behaviors in shy children. However, there are different underlying reasons to withdraw from social interactions, which may be differentially related to aspects of social cognition throughout the lifespan. The present study investigated relations among the different motivations for social withdrawal (i.e., shyness, avoidance, and unsociability) and indices of social cognition, including cognitive (i.e., perspective taking) and affective (i.e., empathic concern and personal distress) empathy, and prosocial behavior during emerging adulthood. Participants included 588 Canadian undergraduate students (M

Indexed as

EmpathyMotivationShynessSocial BehaviorSocial CognitionSocial IsolationAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleYoung Adultempathyprosocial behaviorshynesssocial avoidancesocial withdrawalunsociability

Identifiers

PMID40216561

DOI10.1111/sjop.13116

PMCPMC12423741

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.