Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40214836›Full record

ArticleTropical animal health and production2025

Determinants of Foot and Mouth Virus in Eastern Algeria.

Khireddine Ghougal, Abdennour Azizi, Sameh Baghezza

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Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Khireddine GhougalDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Amar Telidji Laghouat, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria. ghougalkhireddine@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4807-2950
Abdennour AziziDepartment of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Sciences and Agricultural Sciences Institute, University of Batna 1, 05000, Batna, Algeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-9298
Sameh BaghezzaInstitute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Constantine1, 25100, El-Khroub, Constantine, Algeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3319-8087

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cattle with significant economic impact. This cross-sectional field study aims to determine the current serological status of FMD in Algerian cattle herds. The objectives were: to evaluate post-vaccination antibody responses to non-structural proteins (NSPs) in vaccinated cattle under the Algerian FMD control program, and to identify circulating Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) strains while assessing vaccine efficacy. From September to November 2019, we collected 573 blood samples from clinically healthy, vaccinated cattle four weeks post-vaccination. Differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals was accomplished through detection of antibodies against NSPs using the FMDV 3ABC-AB ELISA assay for serotype determination. Results revealed that 112 samples (19.55%) tested positive for FMDV NSP antibodies, while 461 samples (80.45%) were negative. Only serotype O was identified among the positive samples. Sex (OR = 12.01; 95% CI: [5.60-25.75]) and age (OR = 9.38; 95% CI: [5.72-15.39]) were identified as significant risk factors for infection susceptibility. This study provides the first data on FMD prevalence and highlights the current serological status in Algeria. Our findings suggest the existing vaccination scheme requires optimization based on regional risk assessment and serological monitoring. We recommend implementing animal identification for traceability, cross-border surveillance, and molecular-spatial modeling to target interventions in high-risk areas.

Indexed as

Cattle DiseasesFoot-and-Mouth DiseaseFoot-and-Mouth Disease VirusViral VaccinesAlgeriaAnimalsAntibodies, ViralCattleCross-Sectional StudiesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsSeroepidemiologic StudiesSerogroupAntibodies, ViralViral Nonstructural ProteinsViral VaccinesAlgeriaCattleFoot-and-Mouth disease virusNon-structural proteinRisk factorsSeroprevalence

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.