ArticlePediatric cardiology2026
Long-Term Outcomes Following Transcatheter Closure of Small Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects.
Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structural Heart Interventions in Women with Congenital Heart Disease.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects with a Single Device Type: A Single-Centre Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transcatheter device closure is an off-label alternative therapy for perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD); we evaluated its long-term outcomes. Patients with PMVSDs who underwent transcatheter closure at our institutions between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, procedural details, and follow-up outcomes were analysed. We identified 157 patients (51.6% male) with a median age of 7.4 years [interquartile range (IQR) 4-12] and median body weight of 23 kg (IQR 15-42.4) at procedure. Median defect diameter was 6 mm (IQR 5.0-8.0) and 4.0 mm (IQR 3.0-5.0) at the left and right ventricular side, respectively (mean Qp/Qs 1.5 ± 0.6). Procedure success rate was 96.8%. Of five unsuccessful cases, two required surgery-one for gross haematuria and one for heart block-while three failed due to anatomical constraints. Median follow-up was 5 years (IQR 4.0-6.0). Post-closure, 53 patients (33.7%) had residual shunts (90.6% trivial-to-small and 9.4% moderate shunts, regressing to small by the 3 year follow-up). Residual shunts were significantly more frequent with Nit-Occlud® Lê VSD coil (P < 0.05). New-onset tricuspid regurgitation (NTR) and aortic regurgitation (NAR) were observed in 33 (22%) and 15 (10.9%) patients, respectively. Severe NTR persisted in three patients (2.7%), while NAR was mostly trivial-to-mild, except in one case, requiring surgical correction 1 year post-procedure. Transcatheter closure of small PMVSDs is a valuable option for select patients using various devices. Nit-Occlud® Lê VSD coil showed higher residual shunt rates. NAR and NTR are rare but require close monitoring, as improvement is expected over time.
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Registered trials
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