Broadband and Wide Field-of-View Refractive and Meta-Optics Hybrid Imaging System for Mid-Wave Infrared.

Bo Liu, Yunqiang Zhang, Zhu Li, Bingyan Wei, Xuetao Gan, Xin Xie

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Compound Meta-Optics for Advanced Optical Engineering.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bo LiuKey Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.ORCID 0009-0007-9569-3039

Yunqiang ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Air-Based Information Perception and Fusion, Luoyang 471000, China.

Zhu LiInstitute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.ORCID 0009-0001-4440-6016

Bingyan WeiKey Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4073-5381

Xuetao GanKey Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.

Xin XieKey Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2159-7996

Funding

Aeronautical Science Foundation of China 20220001053004China Postdoctora Science Foundation 2023M732853Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province 2024NSFSC1441Youth Talent Support Program of Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology 20230521

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We propose a wide field-of-view (FOV) refractive and meta-optics hybrid imaging system designed for the mid-wave infrared spectrum (3-5 μm) to address the challenge of high-quality imaging in wide FOV applications. The system consists of only three refractive lenses and two metasurfaces (one functioning as a circular polarizer and the other as a phase element), with a total length of 29 mm. Through a detailed analysis of modulation transfer function curves and spot diagrams, the system achieves 178° FOV while maintaining exceptional imaging performance across a temperature range of -40 °C to 60 °C. The system demonstrates the potential for extending applications to other wavelengths and scenarios, thereby contributing to the advancement of high-performance compact optical systems.

Indexed as

hybrid imaging systemmetasurfacesmid-wave infraredwide field-of-view

Identifiers

PMID40214611

DOI10.3390/nano15070566

PMCPMC11990112

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.