Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40214584›Full record

ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Ternary Restoration Binders as Piezoresistive Sensors: The Effect of Superplasticizer and Graphene Nanoplatelets' Addition.

Maria-Evangelia Stogia, Ermioni D Pasiou, Zoi S Metaxa, Stavros K Kourkoulis, Nikolaos D Alexopoulos

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Maria-Evangelia StogiaResearch Unit of Advanced Materials, Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, 82132 Chios, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5189-3628
Ermioni D PasiouLaboratory for Testing and Materials, Department of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Theocaris Building, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
Zoi S MetaxaHephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece.
Stavros K KourkoulisLaboratory for Testing and Materials, Department of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Theocaris Building, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3246-9308
Nikolaos D AlexopoulosResearch Unit of Advanced Materials, Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, 82132 Chios, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7851-1845

Funding

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Greek State MIS 5047046
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present article investigates the effect of superplasticizer and graphene nanoplatelet addition on the flexural and electrical behaviour of nanocomposites for applications related to the restoration/conservation of Cultural Heritage Monuments in laboratory scale. Graphene nanoplatelets' addition is used to transform the matrix into a piezo-resistive self-sensor by efficiently dispersing electrically conductive graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) in the material matrix to create electrically conductive paths. Nevertheless, the appropriate dispersion is difficult to be achieved as the GnPs tend to agglomerate due to Van der Waals forces. To this end, the effect of the addition of carboxyl-based superplasticizer (SP) is proposed in the present investigation to efficiently disperse the GnPs in the water mix of the binders. Five (5) different ratios of SP per GnPs addition were examined. The GnPs concentration was chosen to be within the range of 0.05 to 1.50 wt.% of the binder. The same ultrasonic energy was applied in all of the suspensions to further aid the dispersion process. The incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets at low concentrations (0.15 wt.%) significantly increases flexural strength when added in equal quantity to superplasticizer (SP1 series). The SP addition at higher concentrations does not enhance the mechanical properties through effective dispersion of the GnPs. Additionally, a correlation was established between the electrical resistivity (ρ) values of the produced nanocomposites and the modulus of elasticity as a function of the GnPs concentration. The functional correlation between these parameters was also confirmed by linear regression analysis, resulting from the experimental data fitting. Finally, the acoustic emission (AE) can effectively capture damage evolution in such lime-based composites, while the emitted cumulative energy rises as the GnPs concentration is increased.

Indexed as

acoustic emissionelectrical resistivityflexural strengthgraphene-based cementitious compositesgraphene nanoplateletslime–metakaolin nanocompositessuperplasticizerultrasonic energy

Identifiers

PMID40214584
PMCPMC11990866

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.