Simulated Media for Mimicking the Human Environment In Vitro.

The phrase 'All models are wrong but some are useful' spoken by George Box in 1976 is as relevant today as ever. Modern research relies heavily on models and the use of in vitro models is the cornerstone of developing novel treatments for various infectious diseases. Simple growth media have been, and still are, heavily used when performing research involving biofilms and infectious pathogens. However, using modern technologies, large discrepancies are now being revealed between bacteria grown in simple media versus those grown in more authentic media. These discrepancies can lead to significant differences in bacterial tolerances, growth patterns, biofilm formation abilities, etc. Hence, if the aim is to replicate the in vivo situation in a laboratory setting, the creation of realistic simulated bodily fluids should be prioritised. This paper presents a range of simulated human fluids from various body sites where infections often occur. Bacterial behaviour has been evaluated in all these media and is often compared to a simple growth medium counterpart. In all instances, significant differences are observed which might lead to important discrepancies, particularly in potential treatment efficiency. We hope this may serve as inspiration for any researcher doing in vitro work, attempting to mimic reality.