Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40213946›Full record

ReviewGut microbes2025

Bacterial extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: a new bridge of the gut-joint axis.

Luyu Niu, Wanzhuo Chen, Zhifeng Yin, Hongbo Tan, Jin Cui, Jiacan Su

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Gut microbes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Laboratory-selected, probioticFrontiers in nutrition · 2026
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  7. Lipopolysaccharide promotes rheumatoid arthritis by enhancing Wnt7b mediated macrophage-FLS communication.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Luyu NiuDepartment of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Wanzhuo ChenDepartment of General Practice, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Zhifeng YinDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Hongbo TanDepartment of Orthopedics, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
Jin CuiDepartment of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Jiacan SuInstitute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7080-263X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease primarily characterized by cartilage degeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that there is an interplay between the gut microbiota (GM) and joint health, known as the gut-joint axis. In recent years, with the advancement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) research, its role in the gut-joint axis has attracted increasing attention. BEVs are phospholipid bilayer nanocarriers with sizes ranging from 20 to 400 nm, which can deliver various bioactive molecules to modulate the intestinal and joint microenvironments. Due to nanoscale structure, low toxicity, high drug loading capacity, good biocompatibility, easy modification, and industrialization, BEVs are promising for OA treatment. Here, we reviewed the research status of BEVs including biogenies, classification, structures, and composition, and summarized the cargo within BEVs that is associated with OA. The application of natural BEVs in the treatment of OA is the core, and the separation, purification, and modification strategies for engineered BEVs are summarized. Finally, we provide an overview and prospects of the role of BEVs in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OA. We hope that a comprehensive understanding of BEVs will provide new solutions for OA treatment.

Indexed as

BacteriaExtracellular VesiclesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeJointsOsteoarthritisAnimalsHumansbacterial extracellular vesiclesdysbiosisengineering modificationgut microbiotaOsteoarthritis

Identifiers

PMID40213946
PMCPMC12716045

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.