ArticleCureus2025
Impact of Intranasal Administration of Fresh Breast Milk in Very Low Birth Weight Infants With Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of intranasal breast milk administration on cerebral oxygenation, vital signs, and transition time to full oral feeding in preterm infants: a randomized controlled study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Intranasal therapies for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The role of persistent inflammation in failed recovery after perinatal brain injury: is resolution the cure?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- "Breast is Best": does this also apply to neonatal neuroprotection?Pediatric research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are no specific treatment modalities that prevent the progression of germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) once it occurs. Breast milk is rich in mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and neurotrophins, all of which have been shown to have therapeutic effects. Intranasal drug administration has been demonstrated to be a reliable method for delivering various therapeutic agents directly to the brain via the olfactory nerve pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective role of intranasal breast milk in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with GM-IVH by assessing ventricular dilation and GM-IVH size on ultrasound, as well as neurodevelopmental outcomes using the Bayley-III scale. This study included 22 VLBW infants diagnosed with GM-IVH in the first postnatal week. A total of 11 infants received intranasal breast milk (inFBM) for at least 28 days or until discharge, while 11 infants in the control group received standard treatment. Patients were clinically monitored via cranial transfontanelle ultrasonography. A total of 14 patients from both groups were evaluated using the Bayley-III Infant Developmental Screening Scale. The incidence of posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD) was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.010). In addition, the incidence of grade regression in the transfontanelle ultrasonography findings at discharge was significantly greater in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.008). Moreover, the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity was lower in the study group than in the control group. Compared with non-administration, the intranasal administration of fresh breast milk to VLBW premature infants with GM-IVH results in regression of GM-IVH and significantly reduces progression to posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation. It may also reduce the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity.
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