ReviewCureus2025
Drug-Drug Interactions in Transgender Patients Receiving Antiretroviral and Hormonal Therapy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies and Reports.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transgender individuals, whose gender identity differs from their assigned sex at birth, often undergo pharmacotherapy, including hormone therapy (HT), as part of their gender-affirming care. This pharmacotherapy, particularly when combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for transgender individuals living with HIV, raises concerns about drug-drug interactions (DDIs). These interactions can alter treatments' efficacy and lead to adverse health outcomes, making understanding their nature and extent critical. Despite the importance of identifying and managing DDIs in this population, limited comprehensive data are available. This systematic review aims to collate and synthesize existing evidence from clinical studies and case reports on DDIs in transgender patients, with a specific focus on those receiving ART for HIV. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, following a predefined protocol registered with PROSPERO. Studies reporting DDIs in transgender patients undergoing any form of pharmacotherapy were included, and data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. The review found that while pharmacokinetic (PK) changes due to DDIs occur, they are often not clinically significant, suggesting that HT and ART can generally be co-administered safely in transgender individuals. However, specific interactions, such as those involving efavirenz-based ART, may require careful monitoring and individualized treatment adjustments. The findings highlight the need for tailored approaches in managing DDIs to optimize treatment efficacy and safety in transgender patients. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of further research into DDIs in transgender populations, particularly those on ART, to better inform clinical practice and improve patient care. Understanding these interactions is vital to ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for transgender individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.