ArticleAdvanced materials technologies2025
Multi-material Gradient Printing Using Meniscus-enabled Projection Stereolithography (MAPS).
Article in Advanced materials technologies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- 3D bioprinting of microfluidic systems for cardiac regenerative medicine: from biofabrication to organ-on-a-chip.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Microfluidic- and Field-Assisted 3D Printing: Leveraging Fluidic Control, Electrokinetic Phenomena, and Other Physical Fields to Advance Additive Manufacturing.Electrophoresis · 2025Review
- Mechanobiology in Action: Biomaterials, Devices, and the Cellular Machinery of Force Sensing.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Cellnet technology to generate 3D, functional, single-cell networks in custom architectures within collagen.Biofabrication · 2025Article
- Light-based fabrication and 4D customization of hydrogel biomaterials.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Light-based additive manufacturing methods have been widely used to print high-resolution 3D structures for applications in tissue engineering, soft robotics, photonics, and microfluidics, among others. Despite this progress, multi-material printing with these methods remains challenging due to constraints associated with hardware modifications, control systems, cross-contamination, waste, and resin properties. Here, we report a new printing platform coined Meniscus-enabled Projection Stereolithography (MAPS), a vat-free method that relies on generating and maintaining a resin meniscus between a crosslinked structure and bottom window to print lateral, vertical, discrete, or gradient multi-material 3D structures with no waste and user-defined mixing between layers. We show that MAPS is compatible with a wide range of resins and can print complex multi-material 3D structures without requiring specialized hardware, software, or complex washing protocols. MAPS's ability to print structures with microscale variations in mechanical stiffness, opacity, surface energy, cell densities, and magnetic properties provides a generic method to make advanced materials for a broad range of applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.