ArticleSmall science2023
Targeting PD-L1 with DNA Aptamers and Conjugated with Gemcitabine as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Bladder Cancer Chemotherapy Combined with Immunotherapy.
Article in Small science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The emerging role of aptamers in targeted cancer immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Aptamers in Drug Delivery Development.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the poor stability and adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as gemcitabine, the current effectiveness of traditional chemotherapy is minimal. Some patients also show a low response rate to immunotherapy. Therefore, a novel material PD-L1-GEMs is designed and synthesized with targeted specificity. PD-L1-GEMs specifically bind to bladder cancer cells. Free gemcitabine cleaved by a phosphatase enters bladder cancer cells through the macropinocytosis pathway and induces cytotoxicity. PD-L1-GEMs show good stability, binding specificity, and significant inhibitory effects in vitro. Two bladder tumor models (subcutaneous model and in situ model) show inhibition of growth and progression in PD-L1-GEMs treatment, as well as good biosafety in vivo. The PD-L1 aptamer blocks the binding of PD-L1 on the tumor cell surface to PD-1 on T lymphocytes, restoring their immune function, inducing cytokine production and aggregation, and exerting an immune killing role on bladder cancer cells. PD-L1-GEMs represent a successful chemotherapy-immunotherapy strategy for bladder cancer.
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Registered trials
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