Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40212028›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2025

Trends of Enteric Fever and Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid in Pakistan: Population-Based Laboratory Data From 2017-2019.

Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Ibtisam Qazi, Sonia Qureshi, Naor Bar-Zeev, Shazia Sultana, Muhammad Jawwad, Aneeta Hotwani, Seema Irfan, Muhammad Ashraf Memon and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Farah Naz QamarDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mohammad Tahir YousafzaiDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-8323
Ibtisam QaziDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Sonia QureshiDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Naor Bar-ZeevInternational Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-4624
Shazia SultanaDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad JawwadDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Aneeta HotwaniDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Seema IrfanDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Ashraf MemonKharadar General Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Irim IftikharChughtai Laboratory, Lahore, Pakistan.
Summiya NizamuddinSection of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-3685
Ikram UjjanLUHMS Laboratory, Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Ejaz Ahmed KhanShifa International Hospital, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Mohsina Noor IbrahimNational Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Typhoid fever burdens low- and middle-income countries, especially children. Despite being curable, it now resists first-line antibiotics. This study aims to understand antimicrobial resistance patterns associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid fever cases in Pakistan. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of blood culture-confirmed typhoid cases from 5 large laboratory networks in Pakistan over a period of 3 years (2017-2019). Data were analyzed for 464 956 blood culture specimens, of which Typhi and Paratyphi were isolated in 23 924 (5%) of all blood cultures done. Results: Sindh had the highest proportion of Conclusions: Increased prevalence of culture-confirmed XDR

Indexed as

antibioticsantimicrobial resistanceblood culturesextensively drug resistantmultidrug resistantSalmonella Typhi and Paratyphi

Identifiers

PMID40212028
PMCPMC11982669

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.