ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2025
Age, race and ethnicity, and sex of participants in clinical trials related to obesity.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Virtual Weight Management and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFederal policies mandate the inclusion of historically marginalized groups in clinical trials and sociodemographic reporting on ClinicalTrials.gov. This study used ClinicalTrials.gov to comprehensively assess sociodemographic reporting and representation in obesity-related trials.
methodsAge, race and ethnicity, and sex data were extracted for interventional studies completed in the United States with results from January 1, 2012, to October 13, 2023. We assessed the frequency of sociodemographic reporting and sample representation (equitable, over, or under), as determined by comparing the percentage of trial participants with each characteristic to US Census data and obesity-specific estimates.
resultsThe search yielded 847 study records, 449 of which were eligible. Most studies (>99%) reported sex; older age (33%), race (75%), and ethnicity (57%) were less commonly reported, although race and ethnicity reporting increased over time (p values <0.001). The following three patterns emerged for representation: 1) individuals identifying as Black/African American were slightly overrepresented relative to the comparators; 2) representation of older adults and other racial and ethnic identities was more mixed and differed by trial type; and 3) female participants were overrepresented.
conclusionsProgress has been made in reporting and representation, although gaps remain. Given obesity-related health disparities and reasons for inclusion beyond population-based representation (e.g., subgroup analyses), continued efforts are needed to enhance reporting and representation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.