ArticleEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2025
Sex differences in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A population-based study.
Article in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Associations of ADHD genetic risk with objective and subjective economic wellbeing: evidence from Finnish population-based cohorts.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Adult ADHD: A Multidimensional Multi-Informant Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Differences in the motor profiles of children and adolescents with ADHD in a clinically referred outpatient sample.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Role of Self-Concept Clarity in the Relations Between Disordered Eating, Gender Diversity, and Autistic and ADHD Traits.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- European Psychiatry: 2025 in review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Validation of the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.BJPsych open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adulthood, significantly impacting daily functioning and quality of life. Sex differences influence ADHD presentation, with females experiencing delayed diagnosis and distinct patterns of severity and comorbidities. Exploring these differences is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy and developing tailored interventions. This study examines ADHD severity, psychiatric comorbidities, and functional impairment by ADHD subtype and sex.
methodsThis population-based study included 900 adults diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD severity, comorbidities, and functional outcomes were assessed using validated tools. Bivariate analyses and General Linear Models (GLMs) were applied to examine sex- and subtype-specific effects and their interactions.
resultsFemales exhibited greater ADHD severity (
conclusionsADHD presents differently across sexes and subtypes, with specific interactions influencing disability. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex and ADHD subtype independently to enhance diagnostic accuracy and develop targeted treatment strategies.
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