ReviewJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2025
Natural killer cells: the immune frontline against circulating tumor cells.
Review in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Liquid biopsy reveals the immune status and protein profiles linked to CTC burden and clinical outcomes in metastatic breast cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Trial
- TNF-α deficiency underlies NK cell dysfunction in colorectal cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- CTGF: The remodeler of the tumor immune microenvironment (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Engineered Natural Killer Cell Derived-Extracellular Vesicles: An Acellular Immunotherapy with Cytotoxic Effects in SNU-1079 Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Utilize IL8 and CXCL1 to Suppress NK Cells' Function and Facilitate Cancer Metastasis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Purinergic and Energy Metabolism Disruption in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Immunotoxicity Induced by Aflatoxin BJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acquisition of Vimentin by trogocytosis inhibits the NK cell-mediated immune response against circulating tumour cells (CTCs).Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Vimentin trogocytosis as a novel mechanism of NK cell exhaustion by circulating tumor cells.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
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- Lactate metabolism and lactylation in cancer: from pathogenesis to therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Overcoming resistance in CD44-overexpressing myeloma through combination therapy with ATRA, bortezomib, and NK cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: integrating molecular insights for targeted interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Decoding the spatiotemporal characteristics of ferroptosis: reshaping tumour therapeutic strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells as innate immune therapies for blood cancers.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer immune tolerance and its therapeutic relevance in immunomodulation (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Do Metastatic Cells Arise from PD-L1International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived innate and adaptive immune cells for cancer immunotherapy.Cell stem cell · 2026Review
- Circulating immune and biochemical markers predict tumor response to immunotherapy in advanced melanoma and lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Blood-based tumor biomarkers: integrating biological layers and analytical strategies for precision cancer detection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) play a key role in controlling tumor dissemination by mediating cytotoxicity towards cancer cells without the need of education. These cells are pivotal in eliminating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the bloodstream, thus limiting cancer spread and metastasis. However, aggressive CTCs can evade NK cell surveillance, facilitating tumor growth at distant sites. In this review, we first discuss the biology of NK cells, focusing on their functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the lymphatic system, and circulation. We then examine the immune evasion mechanisms employed by cancer cells to inhibit NK cell activity, including the upregulation of inhibitory receptors. Finally, we explore the clinical implications of monitoring circulating biomarkers, such as NK cells and CTCs, for therapeutic decision-making and emphasize the need to enhance NK cell-based therapies by overcoming immune escape mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.