Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40211378›Full record

ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2025

BMI-stratified cutoff values for spinal sarcopenia in Chinese adults based on CT measures: a multicentre study.

Wenkai Wu, Fangfang Duan, Zhiguang Liu, Guihe Yang, Chuqi Li, Renxian Wang, Xiaoguang Cheng, Bo Hu, Ling Wang, Yajun Liu

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Serum parathyroid hormone and risk of sarcopenia: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wenkai Wu *Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, National Centre for Orthopaedics, Capital Medical University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
Fangfang Duan *Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, National Centre for Orthopaedics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China.
Zhiguang Liu *Clinical Trial Unit, The Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
Guihe YangDepartment of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, National Centre for Orthopaedics, Capital Medical University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
Chuqi LiDepartment of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, National Centre for Orthopaedics, Capital Medical University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
Renxian WangJST sarcopenia Research Centre, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xiaoguang ChengDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, National Centre for Orthopaedics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China.
Bo HuNational Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China. hubo@mrbc-nccd.com.
Ling WangJST sarcopenia Research Centre, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. doctorwl@bjmu.edu.cn.
Yajun LiuDepartment of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, National Centre for Orthopaedics, Capital Medical University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China. drliuyajun@mail.ccmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Beijing Hospitals Authority Programme DFL20220401Beijing Municipal Health Commission BJRITO-RDP-2024Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes JYY2023-11, JYY2023-8Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation No.2023-zz-030Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH) No. 2024-1-1121Talent program of Ministry of Science and Technology No.SQ2022RA2A000031The Youth Beijing Scholars Program NO.025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDecreased size and mass of paraspinal muscles are associated with lower vertebral bone mineral density, more postoperative complications, increased mortality, and spinal sagittal imbalance. However, it is difficult to determine muscle loss in older adults with overweight and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and central obesity on paraspinal muscle aging and to determine cutoff values for low paraspinal muscle mass/quality in Chinese community populations.

methodsIn this nationwide cross-sectional study, abdominal CT scans and basic information were collected and analyzed from 4,305 community-dwelling adults from twelve representative cities in China between 2013 and 2017. Psoas and posterior paraspinal muscle index (PMI and PSMI) and density (PMD and PSMD) at the L3 level were measured using OsiriX software. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and one-way ANOVA were performed for statistical analysis. Commonly used cutoff value calculations were applied to define low muscle index and density (Mean-2SD, 5th percentile in young people, and 20th percentile in older people) in the general population and individuals with different BMIs.

resultsCorrelation analysis showed that the paraspinal muscle index and density were primarily correlated with sex, BMI, and age. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the paraspinal muscle index (PSMI and PMI) was primarily influenced by sex (β=-0.391 and - 0.599, p < 0.001) and BMI (β = 0.442 and 0.371, p < 0.001), followed by age and waist circumference. In contrast, muscle density (PSMD and PMD) was mainly associated with sex (β=-0.405 and - 0.317, p < 0.001) and age (β=-0.409 and - 0.429, p < 0.001), with a slight influence from WC and BMI. Considering the significant effect of BMI on muscle mass, we calculated BMI-stratified cutoffs for PSMI (as 12.3/10.6, 15.0/11.7, and 15.2/11.9 cm

conclusionsThis study found that sex and BMI were key determinants of paraspinal muscle mass, with BMI influencing paraspinal muscle number more than age. In contrast, muscle density was primarily influenced by sex and age. This study provided BMI-stratified and non-stratified cutoff values for low paraspinal muscle index and density, which aided in the identification of spinal sarcopenia in individuals with different BMIs.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexParaspinal MusclesSarcopeniaTomography, X-Ray ComputedAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChinaCross-Sectional StudiesEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReference ValuesYoung AdultBMICutoff valuesMuscle loss, paraspinal musclesQuantitative computed tomographySarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID40211378
PMCPMC11984113

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.