ReviewCancer cell international2025
Progress of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Review in Cancer cell international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy, safety, and PD-L1-defined outcomes of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- The deubiquitinase USP5 mediates anti-PD-L1 resistance in breast cancer by stabilizing FOXM1 to upregulate Nectin2.Human cell · 2026Article
- 1-Palmitoyl-4-piperidinopiperidine exhibits anticancer effects in murine triple-negative breast cancer EO771 cells associated with STAT3 signaling suppression.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Inhibition of histone demethylase LSD1 suppresses CD47 expression and enhances efficacy of CD47 blockade in breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Circ_0006174 Drives Triple Negative Breast Cancer Progression and Immune Escape Through Regulating miR-3139/PD-L1 Axis.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtypes; Immune Escape; Limitations of Current Immunotherapy; and the BTLA/HVEM/CD160 Axis as an Emerging Target.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Alterations in PD-L1Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Grade III canine and feline mammary carcinomas are associated with an immunosuppressed, vascularized and proliferative microenvironment.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Calcium/Aluminum-Cored Asymmetric Bilayer Nanoparticles for Codelivery of Ziyuglycoside II and PD-L1 siRNA Exert Anti-Breast Tumor Effects.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Future Therapeutic Strategies.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Review
- A review of soluble mediator and cytokine networks linking combination immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment remodeling and skeletal muscle dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Emerging Approaches in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Breaking Barriers: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Emerging roles of tsRNAs in programmed cell death and disease therapeutics: challenges, opportunities, and future directions.Non-coding RNA research · 2025Review
- A 'two-missile' nanoplatform for targeting triple-negative breast cancer: prodrug activation and immune enhancement.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Anti-lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor antibody-drug conjugate to treat triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Tumor Mutational Landscape and Its Correlation With Histopathological Characteristics in Breast Cancer.Cancer genomics & proteomicsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer with substantial recurrence potential. Currently, surgery and chemotherapy are the main treatments for this disease. However, chemotherapy is often limited by several factors, including low bioavailability, significant systemic toxicity, inadequate targeting, and multidrug resistance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including those targeting programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), have been proven effective in the treatment of various tumours. In particular, in the treatment of TNBC with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, both monotherapy and combination chemotherapy, as well as targeted drugs and other therapeutic strategies, have broad therapeutic prospects. In addition, these inhibitors can participate in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) through blocking PD-1/PD-L1 binding, which can improve immune efficacy. This article provides an overview of the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of TNBC and the progress of multiple therapeutic studies. To increase the survival of TNBC patients, relevant biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy have been explored to identify new strategies for the treatment of TNBC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.