Trial reportBMC anesthesiology2025
Effect of hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine caudal block on immune function after hypospadias surgery in children.
Trial report in BMC anesthesiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of caudal block anesthesia with hydromorphone-ropivacaine compared to ropivacaine alone on postoperative immune function and pain management in children undergoing hypospadias surgery.
methodsA total of 100 pediatric patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the Hydromorphone-Ropivacaine (HR) group and the Ropivacaine (R) group for caudal block anesthesia, with 50 patients in each group. The R group received 0.25% ropivacaine at a dose of 1 ml/kg, while the HR group received 0.25% ropivacaine (1 ml/kg) combined with hydromorphone (10 µg/kg). The maximum dose for both groups was capped at 30 ml (1 ml/kg). Anesthesia induction included intravenous administration of pentobarbital (0.01 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg), followed by sevoflurane inhalation. All patients underwent ultrasound-guided caudal block anesthesia administered by the same anesthetist. Primary outcomes included the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8 + ratios) measured at five time points: pre-anesthesia (T0), end of surgery (T1), 24 h postoperatively (T2), 48 h postoperatively (T3), and 72 h postoperatively (T4). Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores assessed using the Modified Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (M-CHEOPS) at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h postoperatively, sedation levels evaluated using the Ramsay sedation scale at the same time points, and the incidence of postoperative adverse events.
resultsThe HR group exhibited significant reductions in CD3
conclusionCaudal block anesthesia with hydromorphone-ropivacaine offers enhanced postoperative pain relief and a lesser impact on immune function compared to ropivacaine alone in children undergoing hypospadias surgery. Further studies are warranted to explore the long-term effects on immune function.
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